What is this called.

 

It would help if you gave us an approximate location where it is.

 

Well, I see a brake pedal and a gas pedal in the background, so I'm going to guess it's under the dash.

What would really help though, is to tell us what kind of car it is.

Be all that as it may, I'm going to go out on a limb and say that it's a "connector". Or perhaps even get more specific and call it a "plug".

I'm not sure I've ever seen anything quite like that from the factory. But the wires don't look like the typical aftermarket PVC crap most things have. Butt, if it's not factory, all bets are off as to what it might have hooked up to at some time in the past.

Might be worthwhile to follow the wires and see where they go. That's usually a pretty good clue as to what something "is" and/or "does".

 

 

Looks aftermarket...

 

I was just going to say that the Part did not look like a P.E.D. Component (unless it was before my time).